Maizels M, Stephens F D
Invest Urol. 1979 Nov;17(3):209-17.
The normally straight caudal trunk of the 3-day-old chick embryo was surgically deflected, constricted, or pierced using fine steel instruments. The delayed effects of these injuries were evaluated anatomically by performing microdissections of the genitourinary systems of the chicks surviving these operations. Eighty-six of 181 survivors of 347 operations showed malformations. Renal ectopia appeared with scoliosis 10 times more often than it appeared by itself (P less than 0.01). Eighty-six chicks survived 102 control operations; only two had a urinary anomaly (P less than 0.01). The paring of renal ectopia with scoliosis may be attributable to an isolated spinal defect that precludes complete renal ascent, an injury to the anlages of both the spine and kidney, or a genetic abnormality that affects both anlages.
使用精细的钢质器械对3日龄鸡胚正常笔直的尾干进行手术性的弯曲、收缩或穿刺。通过对这些手术存活下来的雏鸡的生殖泌尿系统进行显微解剖，从解剖学角度评估这些损伤的延迟效应。347例手术的181例幸存者中有86例出现畸形。肾异位伴脊柱侧凸出现的频率比单纯肾异位出现的频率高10倍（P小于0.01）。102例对照手术中有86只雏鸡存活；只有2只有泌尿异常（P小于0.01）。肾异位与脊柱侧凸的并存可能归因于孤立的脊柱缺陷，该缺陷妨碍肾脏完全上升，或对脊柱和肾脏原基的损伤，或影响两者原基的基因异常。
