Favell J E, Favell J E
J Exp Anal Behav. 1972 Jul;18(1):107-12. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1972.18-107.
A preference measure was employed with children to evaluate the conditioned positive reinforcing function of a stimulus that preceded reinforcement. A match-to-sample procedure was arranged in which subjects could respond to either the form or color dimension of a compound sample stimulus. Intermittent token reinforcement was provided equally for color and form matches. Two stimuli were employed (Stimulus A and Stimulus B), each consisting of a distinctive tone and colored light. One of these stimuli (the paired stimulus) preceded each token delivery, and the other did not (nonpaired stimulus). The paired stimulus was dependent upon each response to one match dimension, and the nonpaired stimulus followed each response to the other dimension. Three of the five subjects responded primarily to the dimension that was followed by the paired stimulus. This effect was obtained regardless of which stimulus (A or B) was paired and on which match dimension (color or form) the paired stimulus was dependent. These results were unaltered by discontinuing the nonpaired stimulus. The other two subjects demonstrated consistent preferences for the form dimension and Stimulus A, respectively.
采用一种偏好测量方法对儿童进行研究，以评估强化之前呈现的刺激的条件性正强化功能。安排了一个匹配样本程序，在此程序中，受试者可以对复合样本刺激的形状或颜色维度做出反应。对颜色和形状匹配均给予间歇性代币强化。使用了两种刺激（刺激A和刺激B），每种刺激都由独特的音调及彩色灯光组成。其中一种刺激（配对刺激）在每次发放代币之前呈现，另一种则不呈现（非配对刺激）。配对刺激取决于对一个匹配维度的每次反应，非配对刺激则跟随对另一个维度的每次反应。五名受试者中有三名主要对配对刺激之后出现的维度做出反应。无论配对的是哪种刺激（A或B）以及配对刺激取决于哪个匹配维度（颜色或形状），均会出现这种效应。停止非配对刺激后，这些结果没有改变。另外两名受试者分别对形状维度和刺激A表现出一致的偏好。
