短跑的力学原理。

The mechanics of sprint running.

作者信息

Cavagna G A, Komarek L, Mazzoleni S

出版信息

J Physiol. 1971 Sep;217(3):709-21. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1971.sp009595.

DOI:10.1113/jphysiol.1971.sp009595

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1331572/

Abstract

The effect of the velocity of shortening on the power developed by the muscles in sprint running was studied by measuring the mechanical work done to accelerate the body forward from the start to about 34 km/hr.2. The work was measured at each step from the data obtained by means of a platform sensitive to the force impressed by the foot.3. Almost the totality of the positive work done during the first second from the start is found as an increase of the kinetic energy of the body. However, as the speed of the run rises, air resistance and particularly the deceleration of the body forward, taking place at each step, rapidly increase, limiting the speed of the run.4. The average power developed by the muscles during the push at each step increases with the velocity of running reaching 3-4 h.p. at the maximal speed attained.5. At low speed the contractile component of the muscles seems to be mainly responsible for the power output, whereas at high speed (25-34 km/hr) an appreciable fraction of the power appears to be sustained by the mechanical energy stored in the ;series elastic elements' during stretching the contracted muscles (negative work) and released immediately after in the positive work phase.

摘要

通过测量从起跑开始将身体向前加速至约34公里/小时所做的机械功，研究了短跑中肌肉缩短速度对其产生的功率的影响。
根据通过对脚部施加的力敏感的平台获得的数据，在每一步测量功。
从起跑开始的第一秒内所做的正功几乎全部表现为身体动能的增加。然而，随着跑步速度的提高，空气阻力，特别是身体在每一步向前的减速迅速增加，限制了跑步速度。
每一步蹬地时肌肉产生的平均功率随着跑步速度的增加而增加，在达到的最大速度时达到3 - 4马力。
在低速时，肌肉的收缩成分似乎是功率输出的主要原因，而在高速（25 - 34公里/小时）时，相当一部分功率似乎由在拉伸收缩肌肉（负功）期间储存在“串联弹性元件”中的机械能维持，并在正功阶段后立即释放。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bd48/1331572/6730006f9dac/jphysiol01017-0193-a.jpg