Computing in the bio-sciences with hypernumbers: a survey.

A survey of higher types of number, with more sophisticated arithmetics than square root -1, is presented. Such powerful embodiments of the number concept are capable of representing entities and operations in the bio-sciences, where phenomena are characteristically more recondite than in naively reductionist, mechanistic physics or chemistry, which today even quantum theory (which itself deploys two kinds of hypernumber) has shown to be inadequate to explain observed phenomena. When the bio-sciences enter the picture, four other kinds of hypernumber are needed, one of them (w) relating also to the frontiers of quantum theory, in terms of the resolution of problems such as the breakdown of parity conservation and of time reversal, and the concomitant elimination of unwanted divergences (infinities). A brief statement of the relevance of each of the additional kinds of hypernumbers in bio-scientific computing is furnished, as an introduction to an approach that is not only viable in terms of digital computing, but is fraught with new implications for bio-scientific research.