Participation of the anterior hypothalamus in the baroreceptor reflex.

1. On the basis of discrete electrical stimulation in the pre-optic region and anterior hypothalamus of anaesthetized cats, a depressor area has been defined, stimulation of which elicits a fall of arterial blood pressure of 30-50 mm Hg and a bradycardia of some 25%, caused by inhibition of sympathetic vasomotor tone and by vagal activation respectively. These are accompanied by a reduction in rate and depth of respiration.2. The depressor area, from which this pattern of response is elicited, lies ventral and caudal to the anterior commissure, and extends caudally in the dorsal hypothalamus, dorsal to the fornix.3. The pattern of response elicited from identified points in the depressor area was shown to be indistinguishable from that to baroreceptor afferent stimulation.4. A lesion destroying the hypothalamic depressor area bilaterally reduced the response to baroreceptor afferent stimulation. Lesions in the medullary depressor area which spared a large part of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius also reduced, but did not abolish, the baroreceptor reflex response. The two lesions combined abolished the reflex.5. It is concluded that the whole brain-stem depressor area, from the hypothalamus through the mid-brain to the medulla, constitutes a functional unit which integrates the response to baroreceptor afferent stimulation.