Crone R A, Hardjowijoto S
Doc Ophthalmol. 1979 Sep 17;47(1):163-99. doi: 10.1007/BF00145374.
The vergence position of the eyes is determined by the near fixation-accommodation-miosis synkinesis and the fusion mechanism. The contribution of both systems was analysed in 30 normal subjects and 16 subjects with abnormal binocular vision. Prism fixation disparity curves were determined in three different experimental situations: the routine method according to Ogle, a method to stimulate the synkinetic convergence (Experiment I, with one fixation point as sole binocular stimulus) and a method to stimulate the fusion mechanism (Experiment II, with random dot stereograms). Experiment I produced flat curves and Experiment II steep curves. The mean diameter of the horizontal Panum area was 5 minutes of arc in Experiment I and 2 degrees in Experiment II. On the basis of these findings, it was postulated that the synkinetic system operates in the absence of fixation disparity and the fusion system in the presence of fixation disparity. In Experiment II, esodisparities of 100 minutes of arc occur in a number of normal subjects. The dividing line between normal and abnormal binocular vision therefore is blurred. Normal persons can display disparities, the order of magnitude of which is equal to that of the angle of squint in micro-strabismus.
眼睛的聚散位置由近注视 - 调节 - 瞳孔缩小联合运动和融合机制决定。在30名正常受试者和16名双眼视觉异常的受试者中分析了这两个系统的作用。在三种不同的实验情况下测定了棱镜注视差异曲线：根据奥格尔的常规方法、一种刺激联合性集合的方法（实验I，以一个注视点作为唯一的双眼刺激）和一种刺激融合机制的方法（实验II，使用随机点立体图）。实验I产生的曲线较平缓，实验II产生的曲线较陡峭。在实验I中，水平潘诺区的平均直径为5分视角，在实验II中为2度。基于这些发现，推测联合运动系统在没有注视差异时起作用，而融合系统在有注视差异时起作用。在实验II中，一些正常受试者出现了100分视角的内隐斜。因此，正常和异常双眼视觉之间的分界线是模糊的。正常人可以表现出与微斜视斜视角度大小相当的差异。
