Stoskopf M K, Beier J
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1979 Nov 1;175(9):944-7.
Ten captive-reared African black-footed penguins (Spheniscus demersus) from a large outdoor colony were monitored for avian malaria, using several diagnostic tests. One treatment regimen was evaluated. Thin smear blood evaluation enabled detection of seven parasitemias involving Plasmodium relictum and Plasmodium elongatum in the penguins. Leukocytosis (relative lymphocytosis) was characteristic of infected birds. Parasitemia was detected as early as 21 days prior to onset of clinical signs (depression, anorexia, regurgitation, pale mucous membranes, and respiratory distress). The single bird that died had clinical signs only a few hours prior to its death. Treatment consisted of 0.03 mg of primaquine phosphate base/kg body weight, administered orally once daily for 3 days. Oral chloroquine phosphate therapy, given simultaneously, was administered in an initial loading dose of 10 mg of chloroquine phosphate base/kg body weight, followed by doses of 5 mg/kg at 6, 18 and 24 hours after the initial chloroquine dose. This treatment regimen prevented mortality and cleared parasites from the blood. Recurrences of malaria occurred in two birds that had received this treatment.
对来自一个大型户外种群的10只人工饲养的非洲黑脚企鹅（斑嘴环企鹅）进行了监测，使用多种诊断测试来检测禽疟疾。评估了一种治疗方案。薄血涂片评估能够检测到7只企鹅出现疟原虫血症，涉及残疟原虫和伸长疟原虫。白细胞增多（相对淋巴细胞增多）是受感染鸟类的特征。早在出现临床症状（抑郁、厌食、反流、黏膜苍白和呼吸窘迫）前21天就检测到了疟原虫血症。唯一死亡的那只企鹅在死亡前几小时才出现临床症状。治疗方法为口服磷酸伯氨喹，剂量为0.03毫克碱基/千克体重，每天一次，连续服用3天。同时口服磷酸氯喹，初始负荷剂量为10毫克碱基/千克体重的磷酸氯喹，随后在初始氯喹剂量后的6、18和24小时给予5毫克/千克的剂量。这种治疗方案预防了死亡，并清除了血液中的寄生虫。接受这种治疗的两只企鹅出现了疟疾复发。
