Matthews K A, Brunson B I
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1979 Nov;37(11):2081-90. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.37.11.2081.
Three studies were conducted to assess the attentional style of individuals with the Type A coronary-prone behavior pattern. Experiment 1, which made use of a dual-task paradigm, revealed that Type A's focus their attention on central tasks; thus, they attend less to peripheral tasks than do Type B's. Experiments 2 and 3, which used a single task performed in the presence of a distracting stimulus, indicated that Type A's actively inhibit or suppress their attention to task-irrelevant peripheral events that might distract them from task performance. These findings validated anecdotal observations that Type A's appear hyperalert (focused in their attention) but neglect task-irrelevant cues. Previous research has demonstrated that Type A's fail to report fatigue as well as a variety of other physical symptoms of illness during task performance. To the extent that symptoms are analogous to peripheral events that distract from task performance, the data suggest that Type A's suppress their attention to symptoms. Implications of the attentional style of Type A's for the pathogenesis of coronary artery and heart disease are discussed.
开展了三项研究以评估具有A型冠心病易发性行为模式个体的注意力风格。实验1采用双任务范式，结果显示A型个体将注意力集中于核心任务；因此，与B型个体相比，他们对周边任务的关注较少。实验2和实验3使用在存在干扰刺激的情况下执行的单一任务，结果表明A型个体积极抑制或压制他们对可能分散其任务执行注意力的与任务无关的周边事件的关注。这些发现证实了轶事观察结果，即A型个体似乎过度警觉（注意力集中）但忽视与任务无关的线索。先前的研究表明，A型个体在任务执行过程中未能报告疲劳以及各种其他身体疾病症状。就症状类似于分散任务执行注意力的周边事件而言，数据表明A型个体抑制了他们对症状的关注。讨论了A型个体的注意力风格对冠状动脉和心脏病发病机制的影响。
