Stern G S, Elder R D
Biofeedback Self Regul. 1982 Mar;7(1):53-9. doi: 10.1007/BF00999055.
Three experiments were performed to study the influence of challenging incentives on feedback-assisted heart rate reduction for coronary-prone (Type A) and non-coronary-prone (Type B) males. In the first experiment, when subjects were given a competitive instructional set, Type As were significantly more successful relative to Type Bs in reducing their heart rate; with a noncompetitive set, Type Bs were significantly more successful than were Type As. In the second experiment, when told that heart rate reduction was a scarce ability, Type As reduced heart rate significantly better than did Type Bs; when told that heart rate reduction was a common ability, Type Bs achieved significantly greater heart rate reduction than did Type As. In the third experiment, when heart rate reduction was described as being instrumental to time-urgency (i.e., getting more done in less time), Type As reduced heart rate significantly better than did Type Bs; when heart rate reduction was described as being instrumental to relaxation, Type Bs were significantly better able to reduce heart rate. In all three studies, the incentives had no effect on heart rate when feedback was not provided. The results are discussed as support for the notion that Type A behavioral pattern characteristics can be exploited to reduce Type A symptoms. Implications for how coronary-prone individuals may be challenged to modify symptoms within the clinical setting are discussed.
进行了三项实验，以研究具有挑战性的激励措施对冠状动脉易患型（A型）和非冠状动脉易患型（B型）男性在反馈辅助下心率降低的影响。在第一项实验中，当给受试者提供竞争性指导语时，A型相对于B型在降低心率方面显著更成功；而在非竞争性指导语的情况下，B型比A型显著更成功。在第二项实验中，当告知心率降低是一种稀缺能力时，A型降低心率的效果明显优于B型；当告知心率降低是一种常见能力时，B型实现的心率降低幅度明显大于A型。在第三项实验中，当心率降低被描述为对时间紧迫性有帮助（即能在更短时间内完成更多事情）时，A型降低心率的效果明显优于B型；当心率降低被描述为对放松有帮助时，B型在降低心率方面明显更出色。在所有三项研究中，当不提供反馈时，激励措施对心率没有影响。讨论了这些结果，以支持这样一种观点，即可以利用A型行为模式特征来减轻A型症状。还讨论了对于在临床环境中如何促使冠状动脉易患个体改变症状的启示。
