Potter J D, McMichael A J, Hetzel B S
Int J Epidemiol. 1979 Jun;8(2):137-44. doi: 10.1093/ije/8.2.137.
Thyroid status is known to have an important bearing on the ability of a woman to conceive, and to bring a normal infant to term. Thyroid status has changed in a number of previously iodine deficient countries as a result of recent iodization programmes. In this study, examination has been made of changes in the rates of two pregnancy outcomes in Tasmania, a State of Australia, namely, stillbirth and infant death due to congenital anomalies. Tasmania began iodine supplementation in 1950. Stillbirth rates declined more rapidly than in Australia as a whole, but show a peak associated with the peak of iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis in 1966. Congenital anomalies causing death show an initial rise in the early 1950s. It is suggested that this is due to persistence of iodine deficiency in the foetus after maternal iodine status improved sufficiently to allow term delivery of a live infant. The later fall coincides with the reaching of reproductive age by the first cohort of Tasmanian women who had been iodine sufficient since childhood, who would therefore not deprive their own foetus of iodine. Examination of trends in New Zealand, Switzerland and Finland, which have each introduced iodization programmes, confirms the largely beneficial effect of iodine supplementation on the rate of infant death due to congenital anomalies.
众所周知，甲状腺状态对女性受孕及孕育一个正常足月婴儿的能力有着重要影响。由于近期的碘盐普及计划，一些以前缺碘的国家的甲状腺状态发生了变化。在本研究中，对澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚州两种妊娠结局的发生率变化进行了调查，这两种结局分别是死产和先天性异常导致的婴儿死亡。塔斯马尼亚州于1950年开始补充碘。死产率下降速度比澳大利亚整体更快，但在1966年出现了一个与碘诱发的甲状腺毒症高峰相关的峰值。导致死亡的先天性异常在20世纪50年代初最初有所上升。这被认为是由于母亲的碘状态改善到足以让活产婴儿足月分娩后，胎儿中碘缺乏仍然持续存在。后来的下降与第一批自幼碘充足的塔斯马尼亚女性达到生育年龄相吻合，因此她们不会使自己的胎儿缺碘。对新西兰、瑞士和芬兰这三个都推行了碘盐普及计划的国家的趋势进行研究，证实了补充碘对先天性异常导致的婴儿死亡率在很大程度上有有益影响。
