Marks L E
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1979 Aug;5(3):426-43. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.5.3.426.
One thousand Hertz tones were presented at equal or unequal intensities to the two ears. In a binaural-summation experiment, the presentation of components was simultaneous, the auditory system integrated the components automatically, and the subjects judged the loudness of the unitary sensation. In two cognitive-summation experiments, the presentation of components was successive, and the subjects had to integrate the two sensations consciously to judge their "total loudness." Results of all three experiments are consistent with models of linear summation of "loudness," but the loudness scales differ in the two tasks: The scales that underlie binaural summation and cognitive summation are nonlinearly related. This outcome suggests two nested processes: First, the auditory system transduces stimulus energy to loudness sensations by means of a nonlinear function; second, tasks that require subjects to judge combinational relations between sensations may impose additional nonlinear transformations on the sensations before the latter are combined.
向两只耳朵以相等或不相等的强度呈现1000赫兹的纯音。在双耳总和实验中，成分的呈现是同时进行的，听觉系统会自动整合这些成分，受试者则判断单一感觉的响度。在两项认知总和实验中，成分的呈现是相继进行的，受试者必须有意识地整合这两种感觉来判断它们的“总响度”。所有这三项实验的结果都与“响度”的线性总和模型一致，但在这两项任务中响度量表有所不同：构成双耳总和和认知总和基础的量表是非线性相关的。这一结果表明存在两个嵌套过程：首先，听觉系统通过非线性函数将刺激能量转换为响度感觉；其次，要求受试者判断感觉之间组合关系的任务可能会在感觉组合之前对这些感觉施加额外的非线性变换。
