Stanovich K E
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1979 Nov;5(4):713-33. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.5.4.713.
In Experiment 1 subjects named letters under a response deadline chosen so that an appreciable number of errors would be produced. The stimulus confusions were analyzed via the same mathematical models of stimulus recognition that have been applied to the confusion matrices generated in tachistoscopic experiments. Both the Luce choice model and the informed guessing model (a new model having a simple and elegant process interpretation) provided excellent fits to the data. The parameter values of the informed guessing model changed in logical and interpretable ways with changes in the response deadline. In Experiment 2 a direct comparison was made of the types of errors produced in the data-limited tachistoscopic situation and the resource-limited response deadline situation. It was found that, relative to the response deadline task, identification in the tachistoscopic task is much more likely to be based on partial information. In Experiments 3 and 4 the same research methodology was applied to the problem of the effect of a word context on letter perception. The methodology allowed this problem to be addressed in the context of both response deadline and tachistoscopic tasks. Several advantages of the methodology for investigating other issues of interest to cognitive psychologists are discussed.
在实验1中，受试者在选定的反应截止时间内对字母进行命名，以便产生相当数量的错误。通过与应用于速示实验中生成的混淆矩阵相同的刺激识别数学模型来分析刺激混淆情况。卢斯选择模型和知情猜测模型（一种具有简单而优雅的过程解释的新模型）都对数据提供了极佳的拟合。随着反应截止时间的变化，知情猜测模型的参数值以符合逻辑且可解释的方式发生变化。在实验2中，对数据受限的速示情境和资源受限的反应截止时间情境中产生的错误类型进行了直接比较。结果发现，相对于反应截止时间任务，速示任务中的识别更有可能基于部分信息。在实验3和实验4中，同样的研究方法被应用于单词上下文对字母感知影响的问题。该方法使得这个问题能够在反应截止时间和速示任务的背景下得到解决。文中还讨论了该方法在研究认知心理学家感兴趣的其他问题方面的几个优点。
