Fenigstein A
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1979 Dec;37(12):2307-17. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.37.12.2307.
Virtually all of the research concerned with media violence has attempted to determine whether the viewing of violence is associated with or causes aggression. Little experimental research has been directed at understanding why persons view media violence. The present research experimentally tested the hypotheses that physical aggression and fantasy aggression would lead to a preference for viewing violence. In Experiment 1, undergraduate men and women were induced to express aggressive, nonaggressive, or no fantasies and were then given an opportunity to select film clips for viewing. The films chosen by men contained more violence than those chosen by women. In addition, aggressive fantasies in males, compared to nonaggressive fantasies, increased the preference for viewing violence. Experiment 2, using only males, replicated the results of the first study and also found that men who were given an opportunity to aggress physically, compared to those who had no such opportunity, were more likely to choose to view films containing violent content. These results provide an additional perspective on the relationship between the observation of violence and the expression of aggression by suggesting that the causal effects are bidirectional: Just as the viewing of violence may increase aggression, so, too, aggressive behavior may increase the preference for viewing violence.
几乎所有与媒体暴力相关的研究都试图确定观看暴力内容是否与攻击行为有关联或者是否会导致攻击行为。很少有实验性研究致力于理解人们为何观看媒体暴力内容。本研究通过实验检验了以下假设：身体攻击和幻想攻击会导致对观看暴力内容的偏好。在实验1中，诱导本科男女表达攻击性、非攻击性或无幻想，然后让他们有机会选择电影片段进行观看。男性选择的电影比女性选择的电影包含更多暴力内容。此外，与非攻击性幻想相比，男性的攻击性幻想增加了对观看暴力内容的偏好。实验2仅使用男性，重复了第一项研究的结果，并且还发现，有机会进行身体攻击的男性比没有这种机会的男性更有可能选择观看包含暴力内容的电影。这些结果通过表明因果效应是双向的，为暴力观察与攻击行为表达之间的关系提供了一个新的视角：正如观看暴力内容可能会增加攻击行为一样，攻击行为也可能会增加对观看暴力内容的偏好。
