Shrivastava S P, Georghiou G P, Metcalf R L, Fukuto T R
Bull World Health Organ. 1970;42(6):931-42.
Toxicity tests on Culex pipiens fatigans with propoxur (o-isopropoxyphenyl methylcarbamate) and carbofuran (2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuranyl-7-methylcarbamate) indicated that both compounds are fast-acting insecticides. Transfer of treated larvae to fresh water results in their partial recovery from knockdown.Propoxur is metabolized by resistant and susceptible larvae by their homogenate-reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH(2)) enzyme system and by the microsome-plus-soluble fraction of mouse-liver extracts to at least 10 organosoluble metabolites with the isopropoxy group intact. The major metabolites, which are primarily hydroxylation products or the result of degradation of these products, have tentatively been identified as: acetone plus o-hydroxyphenyl methylcarbamate, 2-isopropoxy-5-hydroxyphenyl methylcarbamate, 2-isopropoxyphenyl carbamate, and 2-isopropoxyphenyl N-hydroxymethylcarbamate. Upon incubation of water-soluble products from treated larvae with beta-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, aryl sulfatase and acid phosphatase, the conjugates are hydrolysed, liberating mainly hydroxylated carbamates.The results indicate that slower absorption as well as faster detoxification by hydroxylation mechanisms, together with conjugation with polar molecules and elimination, are major factors in resistance of mosquito larvae to substituted-aryl methylcarbamate insecticides.
用残杀威（邻异丙氧基苯基甲基氨基甲酸酯）和克百威（2,2-二甲基-2,3-二氢苯并呋喃基-7-甲基氨基甲酸酯）对致倦库蚊进行的毒性试验表明，这两种化合物都是速效杀虫剂。将经处理的幼虫转移到淡水中后，它们会从击倒状态部分恢复。残杀威可被抗性和敏感幼虫通过其匀浆还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸（NADPH(2)）酶系统以及小鼠肝脏提取物的微粒体加可溶性部分代谢为至少10种有机可溶性代谢产物，其中异丙氧基保持完整。主要代谢产物初步被鉴定为：丙酮加邻羟基苯基甲基氨基甲酸酯、2-异丙氧基-5-羟基苯基甲基氨基甲酸酯、2-异丙氧基苯基氨基甲酸酯和2-异丙氧基苯基N-羟甲基氨基甲酸酯。在用β-葡萄糖苷酶、β-葡萄糖醛酸酶、芳基硫酸酯酶和酸性磷酸酶孵育经处理幼虫的水溶性产物后，结合物被水解，主要释放出羟基化氨基甲酸酯。结果表明，吸收较慢以及通过羟基化机制更快地解毒，再加上与极性分子结合和消除，是蚊虫幼虫对取代芳基甲基氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂产生抗性的主要因素。
