The pharmacology of burimamide and metiamide, two histamine H2-receptor antagonists.

Burimamide and metiamide are two histamine H2-receptor antagonists. Evidence is presented that indicates the competitive nature and the specificity of the antagonism. Metiamide is about ten times more potent than burimamide and is also more effective than burimamide when given orally. Both compounds inhibit gastric secretion and the evidence is consistent with this inhibition being due to competitive antagonism of H2 receptors in the gastric mucosa. Burimamide, unlike metiamide, causes release of catecholamines even at dose levels that are just sufficient to produce H2-receptor antagonism. Burimamide, but not metiamide, has alpha-adrenoceptor blocking activity. In certain models for inflammation, particularly rat paw edema induced by compound 48/80, burimamide in combination with the H1-receptor antagonist mepyramine shows anti-inflammatory activity. This may, in part, be associated with the catecholamine-releasing properties of the compound. Metiamide is less active in this respect.