Green D E, Tzagoloff A
J Lipid Res. 1966 Sep;7(5):587-602.
The concept of biological membranes as vesicular or tubular continua built up of nesting repeating units has been systematically explored and some of the relevant experimental work has been assembled. The bulk of the data have been drawn from studies on the mitochondrion, which is assumed to be a model for membranes generally. The repeating units of membranes are composite macromolecules containing both protein and lipid. The unit of the mitochondrial inner membrane is tripartite; the basepiece is the membrane-forming element. The four complexes of the electron transfer chain represent the different species of basepieces in the inner membrane. The repeating units of the outer mitochondrial membrane have a different form and size and a completely different set of enzymes (the enzymes of the citric and fatty acid oxidation cycles). The repeating units of the inner mitochondrial membrane are capable of forming membranes spontaneously. This membrane-forming capability is absolutely dependent on the presence of lipid. Evidence is presented for the view that lipid restricts the number of binding modalities and thus compels a two-dimensional alignment of repeating units. In absence of lipid three-dimensional stacking takes place, and the aggregates thus formed are, in effect, bulk phases. The membrane may be looked upon as a device for molecularizing repeating units, and it is this molecularization which underlies the essentiality of lipid for electron transfer. The theory of lipid requirement for enzymic activity is developed. The reconstitution of the electron transfer chain is shown to be essentially a membrane phenomenon rather than an expression of direct chemical interaction between the different parts of the electron transfer chain.
生物膜是由嵌套重复单元构成的囊泡状或管状连续体这一概念已得到系统探索，并收集了一些相关实验工作。大部分数据来自对线粒体的研究，线粒体被认为是一般膜的模型。膜的重复单元是包含蛋白质和脂质的复合大分子。线粒体内膜的单元是三联体；基部是形成膜的元件。电子传递链的四个复合体代表内膜中不同种类的基部。线粒体外膜的重复单元具有不同的形式和大小以及完全不同的一组酶（柠檬酸和脂肪酸氧化循环的酶）。线粒体内膜的重复单元能够自发形成膜。这种形成膜的能力绝对依赖于脂质的存在。有证据支持这样的观点，即脂质限制了结合方式的数量，从而迫使重复单元进行二维排列。在没有脂质的情况下会发生三维堆积，由此形成的聚集体实际上是体相。膜可以被看作是使重复单元分子化的装置，正是这种分子化构成了脂质对电子传递至关重要的基础。酶活性对脂质需求的理论得到了发展。电子传递链的重建被证明本质上是一种膜现象，而不是电子传递链不同部分之间直接化学相互作用的表现。
