Fisher C B
Child Dev. 1979 Dec;50(4):1088-92.
Some have interpreted children's reliance on external visual cues as evidence that they are unable to use internal cues for orientation. This hypothesis was examined in experiment 1, where 24 preschoolers were tested on left-right, vertical-horizontal, and mirror-image oblique discriminations under essentially context-free conditions. Subjects succeeded on all discrimination problems and performed equally well on vertical-horizontal and mirror-image oblique discriminations. Thus, preschoolers can use an internal frame of reference to code orientation. Experiment 2 contrasted children's performance under context-free conditions with their ability to discriminate orientation in the presence of external visual cues. Children who had discriminated left-right oblique and nonoblique mirror-image forms in experiment 1 failed to so discriminate in experiment 2. This result is discussed in terms of a breakdown in the ability to use internal cues when external visual cues are available.
一些人将儿童对外部视觉线索的依赖解释为他们无法利用内部线索进行定向的证据。在实验1中对这一假设进行了检验，在基本无背景的条件下，对24名学龄前儿童进行了左右、垂直水平和镜像倾斜辨别测试。受试者在所有辨别问题上都取得了成功，并且在垂直水平和镜像倾斜辨别上表现同样出色。因此，学龄前儿童可以使用内部参照系来编码定向。实验2将无背景条件下儿童的表现与其在有外部视觉线索时辨别定向的能力进行了对比。在实验1中辨别了左右倾斜和非倾斜镜像形式的儿童在实验2中未能如此辨别。根据在有外部视觉线索时使用内部线索的能力崩溃来讨论这一结果。
