Gacek R R
Laryngoscope. 1975 Nov;85(11 pt 1):1841-61. doi: 10.1288/00005537-197511000-00007.
In a series of 12 newborn kittens, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to trace retrograde axoplasmic flow in the motor neurons to laryngeal muscles. The animals were sacrificed 24 hours after injection of HRP into a specific laryngeal muscle, and the brain stems were stained for peroxidase. This clear-cut colorimetric method permitted the localization of the motor neurons in two nuclei of the ipsilateral brain stem. These are the nucleus ambiguus and the retrofacial nucleus. The primary source of laryngeal motor supply is the nucleus ambiguus. All the laryngeal muscles were represented here in two divisions. Adductor neurons were located in the dorsal division and were more loosely arranged in the lateral reticular formation. The abductor neurons of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle formed the compact ventral division of the nucleus ambiguus and were fewer in number than adductor neurons by a factor of four to one. Since the expiratory and inspiratory centers are also located dorsally and ventrally in the brain stem reticular formation, the motor cells of the nucleus ambiguus are conveniently arranged to receive their afferent input. This arrangement is probably the result of phylogenetic development of abductor laryngeal function and pulmonary function in lower forms. A second source of laryngeal innervation is the retrofacial nucleus. This small nucleus is situated rostral to the nucleus ambiguus and is made up of small and medium-sized neurons of at least two types. Only the cricothyroid (CT) and posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscles were shown to have significant innervation from this nucleus. The CT neurons were located peripherally while the PCA cells occupied the central portion of the nucleus. The functional significance of this nucleus is unknown, but it is suggested that it may have something to do with the various types of muscle units that have been demonstrated physiologically in the CT and PCA muscles.
在一组12只新生小猫中，使用辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）追踪运动神经元至喉肌的逆行轴浆流。将HRP注射到特定喉肌24小时后处死动物，并对脑干进行过氧化物酶染色。这种清晰的比色法能够定位同侧脑干两个核团中的运动神经元。这两个核团是疑核和面神经后核。喉运动供应的主要来源是疑核。所有喉肌在此处分为两个部分。内收肌神经元位于背侧部分，在外侧网状结构中排列较为松散。环杓后肌的外展肌神经元形成疑核紧密的腹侧部分，其数量比内收肌神经元少四分之一。由于呼气和吸气中枢也分别位于脑干网状结构的背侧和腹侧，疑核的运动细胞便于接收传入输入。这种排列可能是低等动物喉外展功能和肺功能系统发育的结果。喉神经支配的第二个来源是面神经后核。这个小核位于疑核的前方，由至少两种类型的中小型神经元组成。仅环甲肌（CT）和环杓后肌（PCA）显示有来自该核团的显著神经支配。CT神经元位于外周，而PCA细胞占据核团的中央部分。该核团的功能意义尚不清楚，但有人认为它可能与在CT和PCA肌肉中生理上已证实的各种类型的肌肉单位有关。
