Cohen B, Richter E, Weisenberg E, Schoenberg J, Luria M
Pestic Monit J. 1979 Dec;13(3):81-6.
Exposure of Israeli agricultural spray pilots and ground crews to parathion was studied. Measurements were made with personal samplers contianing wet midget impingers; samples were analyzed by gas chromatography. Cockpit air exposure levels during 11-21-minute sampling periods for 12 flights ranged from nearly 0 to 430 microgram/m3. During sampling periods of 30 minutes to 4 hours the threshold limit value (TLV) of 100 microgram/m3 was exceeded in 2 of 19 instances. In seven measurements of ground crew exposures, TLV was not exceeded. Air washing with parathion resulted in airborne contamination of the ground level area at more than three times the TLV. Skin exposure data suggested that this route of exposure was significant for ground crew workers but not for pilots. Calculations based on the present data and standard absorption formula suggested that total daily intake for ground crew, but not for pilots, exceeded the Accepted Daily Intake (ADI) of 5 microgram/kg body weight. Sources of exposure and contamination for ground crew and pilots were identified. Recommended environmental control measures for parathion exposure should include cockpit air filtration, modification in flight patterns, paving landing areas, installation of hosing and drainage, NaOH neutralization point, and separate loading and unloading sites. Personal control measures were suggested as a supplement.
对以色列农业喷雾飞机飞行员和地勤人员接触对硫磷的情况进行了研究。使用装有湿式小型冲击器的个人采样器进行测量；样品通过气相色谱法进行分析。12次飞行在11至21分钟采样期间驾驶舱内的空气暴露水平范围从接近0至430微克/立方米。在30分钟至4小时的采样期间，19次中有2次超过了100微克/立方米的阈限值（TLV）。在对7次地勤人员接触情况的测量中，未超过TLV。对硫磷的空气冲洗导致地面区域的空气污染超过TLV的三倍多。皮肤暴露数据表明，这种暴露途径对地勤人员很重要，但对飞行员不重要。根据目前的数据和标准吸收公式进行的计算表明，地勤人员而非飞行员的每日总摄入量超过了5微克/千克体重的每日允许摄入量（ADI）。确定了地勤人员和飞行员的暴露和污染来源。针对对硫磷暴露建议的环境控制措施应包括驾驶舱空气过滤、飞行模式调整、着陆区域铺设、冲洗和排水装置安装、氢氧化钠中和点以及单独的装卸场地。建议采取个人控制措施作为补充。
