Bentley P J
Yale J Biol Med. 1979 Nov-Dec;52(6):563-8.
The bladder may serve more biological uses than simple storage. The importance of bladder functions can be inferred from its presence among vertebrates, its anatomy and histology. From an evolutionary perspective, bladders have evolved at least twice in the vertebrates. The variability of permeability of the urinary bladder to water and solutes among species is discussed. Finally, the urinary bladder may play an osmoregulatory role.
膀胱可能具有比单纯储存尿液更多的生物学功能。膀胱功能的重要性可从其在脊椎动物中的存在、解剖结构和组织学推断出来。从进化的角度来看，膀胱在脊椎动物中至少进化了两次。文中讨论了不同物种间膀胱对水和溶质通透性的变异性。最后，膀胱可能发挥渗透调节作用。
