Brennan J F
Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars). 1979;39(6):413-42.
During the last 20 years, an emerging body of data has delineated critical variables controlling the acquisition and retention of aversive experiences across ages. Focusing an the rat as subject organism, the behavioral literature on task- and age-specific findings is reviewed. Response inhibitory deficits in younger subjects are related to augmentation of stimulus control through discrimination training and reinstatement of components of original learning. Somewhat parallel and complementary to studies of behavioral development, advances in the neurophysiology and neuroanatomy of cortical functions have indicated the critical role of the prefrontal cortex in acquisition and retention of aversively motivated instrumental responses. Several studies of prefrontal damage administered at varying ages reveal the importance of neural development in both performance deficits as well as recovery of function. These preliminary experiments are discussed in light of constraints from appropriate cortical influences in consideration of the ontogeny of fear.
在过去20年里，一系列新出现的数据描绘了控制不同年龄段厌恶体验习得和保留的关键变量。以大鼠作为实验对象，本文回顾了关于特定任务和年龄的行为学文献研究结果。年轻实验对象的反应抑制缺陷与通过辨别训练增强刺激控制以及恢复原始学习的组成部分有关。与行为发展研究 somewhat parallel 且互补的是，皮层功能的神经生理学和神经解剖学进展表明前额叶皮层在厌恶动机性工具反应的习得和保留中起关键作用。几项针对不同年龄进行的前额叶损伤研究揭示了神经发育在表现缺陷以及功能恢复方面的重要性。鉴于恐惧个体发生过程中来自适当皮层影响的限制，对这些初步实验进行了讨论。 （注：“somewhat parallel”直译为“有点平行”，这里意译为“某种程度上平行”更符合语境，但题目要求不添加解释，所以保留原文表述）
