Tracy W K
J Exp Anal Behav. 1970 Mar;13(2):163-78. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1970.13-163.
Two experiments determined the effects of early color experience on gradients of wavelength generalization. In each experiment, one group of ducklings was raised in monochromatic (589 nanometers) sodium-vapor light and a second group, in white light. In Exp. I, ducklings pecked a key transilluminated by 589 nanometers. In a subsequent test, the group raised in white light produced steeper gradients. However, several monochromatically reared ducklings produced gradients as steep as those for the white-reared ducklings. In Exp. II, ducklings pecked a white line. In a subsequent test, using a fully illuminated key, subjects in both groups responded more often to "green" (510, 530, 550, or 570 nanometers) than to "non-green" wavelengths (490, 589, 610, or 650 nanometers). Ducklings raised in monochromatic light preferred shorter "green" wavelengths than ducklings raised in white light. This difference between the "green" preferences for the two groups accounted for most of the differences between the gradients of wavelength generalization obtained from the two groups in Exp. I after training at 589 nanometers.
两项实验确定了早期颜色体验对波长泛化梯度的影响。在每个实验中，一组小鸭在单色（589纳米）钠蒸汽光下饲养，另一组在白光下饲养。在实验I中，小鸭啄一个由589纳米光透射照明的按键。在随后的测试中，在白光下饲养的那组产生了更陡的梯度。然而，几只在单色光下饲养的小鸭产生的梯度与在白光下饲养的小鸭一样陡。在实验II中，小鸭啄一条白线。在随后的测试中，使用完全照明的按键，两组的受试对象对“绿色”（510、530、550或570纳米）的反应比对“非绿色”波长（490、589、610或650纳米）的反应更频繁。在单色光下饲养的小鸭比在白光下饲养的小鸭更喜欢较短的“绿色”波长。在实验I中，在589纳米处训练后，两组对“绿色”的偏好差异解释了从两组获得的波长泛化梯度之间的大部分差异。
