Welch K J, Tapper D, Vawter G P
J Pediatr Surg. 1979 Dec;14(6):691-8. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3468(79)80247-x.
Based on experience with 17 patients and review of the literature, complete excision is possible for all benign thymic cysts and neoplasms. Recurrence is rare (2%). Most malignant thymomas in children are epithelial (73%). As with adults, prognosis depends on accurate surgical staging and aggressive surgical intervention. Even the largest tumors can be completely excised removing portions of lung, pleura, diaphragm, and pericardium in continuity as required. Cardiopulmonary bypass may be necessary when the innominate veins or the superior vena cava is involved. Irradiation is required for stage II and stage III lesions. Stage IV patients require irradiation and chemotherapy.
根据对17例患者的经验及文献回顾，所有良性胸腺囊肿和肿瘤都有可能完全切除。复发罕见（2%）。儿童大多数恶性胸腺瘤为上皮性（73%）。与成人一样，预后取决于准确的手术分期和积极的手术干预。即使是最大的肿瘤，也可根据需要连续切除部分肺、胸膜、膈肌和心包而完全切除。当无名静脉或上腔静脉受累时可能需要体外循环。II期和III期病变需要放疗。IV期患者需要放疗和化疗。
