Ludwig U, Aulbach D
Handchirurgie. 1979;11(3-4):219-25.
The pathogenesis and the anatomic causes for the swan neck deformity are reviewed. Many different soft tissue operations can succeed in preventing catastrophic loss of function if the deformity is treated while still in stage 1 or 2. In the later stages (3 and 4) restoration of finger is often not possible as a result of joint stiffness and irreversible joint changes. In this case, arthroplasty and arthrodesis should be considered.
本文回顾了天鹅颈畸形的发病机制和解剖学病因。如果在1期或2期就对畸形进行治疗，许多不同的软组织手术都能成功防止功能的灾难性丧失。在后期阶段（3期和4期），由于关节僵硬和不可逆的关节改变，手指功能往往无法恢复。在这种情况下，应考虑关节成形术和关节融合术。
