[Dangers of a wrong diet in patients with renal insufficiency in the predialytic state or during chronic hemodialysis].

Patients with chronic renal failure and on chronic intermittent hemodialysis have several metabolic risks such as retention of urea and other products of nitrogen metabolism, catabolism, acidosis, edema, dehydration, hyper- and hypotension, hyperkalemia, renal osteopathy, and renal anemia. Uremic coma is usually avoided by balanced nutritional therapy and treatment with hemodialysis. A dietary regimen containing protein with high amounts of essential amino acids is an important part of treatment. In patients on chronic hemodialysis disorders of protein and amino acid metabolism are caused by either deficiency of essential ingredients of the food or by the metabolic defects due to chronic uremia.