Blanchard R J, Blanchard D C, Takahashi T, Kelley M J
Anim Behav. 1977 Aug;25(3):622-34. doi: 10.1016/0003-3472(77)90113-0.
Attack of dominant colony males of an albino rat (Rattus norvegicus) strain, on introduced strangers, produced a non-random distribution of bites, with ventral trunk virtually never bitten. Also, vibrissae-contact of attacker and defender interfered with bites to the defender's head and upper back. The specific agonistic reactions of attacking and defending rats appeared to involve strategies based on these limitation on attack: defenders utilized 'boxing' and lying 'on-the-back' behaviour, which interposed ventral trunk and vibrissae between attacker and defender. In turn, the 'lateral display' permitted attackers to circumvent the defender's behaviour. Limitations on attack therefore appeared to underlie the specific agonistic behaviour of both attacking and defending rats.
白化大鼠（褐家鼠）品系的优势群体雄性对引入的陌生大鼠发动攻击时，咬伤部位分布并非随机，腹部躯干几乎从未被咬。此外，攻击者与防御者的触须接触会干扰对防御者头部和上背部的咬伤。攻击和防御大鼠的特定争斗反应似乎涉及基于这些攻击限制的策略：防御者采用“拳击”和“仰卧”行为，在攻击者和防御者之间插入腹部躯干和触须。反过来，“侧向展示”使攻击者能够规避防御者的行为。因此，攻击限制似乎是攻击和防御大鼠特定争斗行为的基础。
