Crossman E K
J Exp Anal Behav. 1968 Mar;11(2):117-26. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1968.11-117.
On a multiple fixed-ratio 10 fixed-ratio 100 schedule, pigeons pause for relatively long periods of time before the fixed-ratio 100 schedule. Only a short pause occurs before the fixed-ratio 10 schedule. A chain fixed-ratio 10 fixed-ratio 100 schedule produces the reverse pattern, i.e., a short pause before the fixed-ratio 100 schedule and a long pause before the fixed-ratio 10 schedule. Procedurally, the only difference between the two schedules is that the fixed-ratio 10 component is always terminated by some unconditioned reinforcer in the multiple schedule but never in the chained schedule. In the present experiment, the percentage of fixed-ratio 10 components which included reinforcement was gradually decreased for birds on the multiple schedule and gradually increased for birds on the chained schedule. It was found that percentage reinforcement within the fixed-ratio 10 component was inversely related to the duration of the pause before the fixed-ratio 10 component and directly related to the duration of the pause before the fixed-ratio 100 component. Thus, the relative rate of reinforcement paired with a particular stimulus was seen to be an important factor in determining response latency to that stimulus.
在多重固定比率10固定比率100的强化程序表中，鸽子在固定比率100的强化程序表之前会停顿较长时间。在固定比率10的强化程序表之前只会有短暂的停顿。链状固定比率10固定比率100的强化程序表则产生相反的模式，即固定比率100的强化程序表之前有短暂停顿，而固定比率10的强化程序表之前有较长停顿。从程序上来说，这两种强化程序表之间唯一的区别在于，在多重强化程序表中，固定比率10的部分总是由某种无条件强化物终止，而在链状强化程序表中则不会。在本实验中，对于多重强化程序表中的鸽子，包含强化的固定比率10部分的百分比逐渐降低，而对于链状强化程序表中的鸽子则逐渐增加。研究发现，固定比率10部分内的强化百分比与固定比率10部分之前停顿的持续时间呈负相关，与固定比率100部分之前停顿的持续时间呈正相关。因此，与特定刺激配对的强化相对速率被视为决定对该刺激反应潜伏期的一个重要因素。
