Rilling M
J Exp Anal Behav. 1968 Mar;11(2):129-32. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1968.11-129.
A discrimination was established between two fixed-ratio schedules of reinforcement. In one, fixed ratio 25, the reinforcer was delivered on the twenty-fifth response; on the other, fixed ratio 50, the fiftieth response was reinforced. In the first component of a chain, either fixed ratio 25 or fixed ratio 50 was randomly programmed on the center key of a three-key pigeon box. Reinforcement of a single peck on the side key was contingent upon discriminating which schedule had just been completed on the center key. During test trials, a timeout was introduced after the first response on fixed ratio 25 and after either the first or twenty sixth response on fixed ratio 50. When the timeout followed the first response on fixed ratio 25 and fixed ratio 50, the accuracy of the discrimination was unaffected. When the timeout followed the first response on fixed ratio 25 and the twenty sixth response on fixed ratio 50, the accuracy of the discrimination decreased rapidly to chance as a function of the duration of the timeout. The loss of discrimination was primarily due to errors after fixed ratio 50 was completed. The timeout appears to weaken the control over the choice response by the response-produced stimuli which preceded the timeout. The results are consistent with the interpretation that the discrimination between fixed ratio 25 and fixed ratio 50 is maintained by chaining of response-produced stimuli within the ratio cycle.
在两种固定比率强化程序之间建立了一种辨别。一种是固定比率25，在第25次反应时给予强化物；另一种是固定比率50，在第50次反应时给予强化。在链式实验的第一个环节，固定比率25或固定比率50被随机安排在一个三键式鸽子实验箱的中间键上。对侧边键的单次啄击的强化取决于辨别中间键上刚刚完成的是哪种程序。在测试试验中，在固定比率25的第一次反应之后以及固定比率50的第一次或第26次反应之后引入了一个超时。当超时跟随固定比率25的第一次反应以及固定比率50的第一次反应时，辨别准确性不受影响。当超时跟随固定比率25的第一次反应以及固定比率50的第26次反应时，辨别准确性作为超时持续时间的函数迅速下降到随机水平。辨别能力的丧失主要是由于在固定比率50完成之后出现的错误。超时似乎削弱了由超时之前的反应产生的刺激对选择反应的控制。这些结果与这样一种解释一致，即固定比率25和固定比率50之间的辨别是通过比率周期内反应产生的刺激的链式连接来维持的。
