Chamove A S
Child Dev. 1978 Mar;49(1):43-50.
36 monkeys from 3 different rearing conditions were subdivided into 3 groups and then paired daily for 20 weeks either with others that were (a) socially sophisticated 9-month-old monkeys; (b) partial isolates, reared alone from birth for 9 months; or (c) socially naive 3-month-old infant monkeys. When 12 9-month-old partial isolates were thus split and tested, social play was greater in isolates paired with sophisticated therapists and least in isolates paired with isolate therapists. Fear showed the reverse pattern. Hostility was greatest in those infants, isolates, and sophisticates when paired with isolates and least in all groups when paired with infants. Of the nonisolate groups the infants were affected by their pairing the most, showing reduced social play when paired with the isolates, but increasing play when with sophisticates. Evidence is found against a learning or instrumental model of aggression production, and a novel theory is advanced suggesting that infants are genetically predisposed to acquire specific behavioral characteristics shown by the mother.
来自3种不同饲养条件的36只猴子被细分为3组，然后在20周的时间里每天与其他猴子配对，这些猴子分别是：(a)社交成熟的9个月大的猴子；(b)部分隔离饲养的猴子，从出生起就单独饲养9个月；(c)社交天真的3个月大的幼猴。当对12只9个月大的部分隔离饲养的猴子进行分组并测试时，与成熟的治疗师配对的隔离饲养猴子的社交玩耍行为最多，而与隔离饲养的治疗师配对的隔离饲养猴子的社交玩耍行为最少。恐惧则呈现相反的模式。当与隔离饲养的猴子配对时，那些幼猴、隔离饲养的猴子和成熟猴子的敌意最大，而当与幼猴配对时，所有组的敌意最小。在非隔离饲养组中，幼猴受配对影响最大，与隔离饲养的猴子配对时社交玩耍行为减少，但与成熟猴子配对时玩耍行为增加。研究结果反驳了攻击行为产生的学习或工具模型，并提出了一种新理论，即婴儿在基因上倾向于习得母亲表现出的特定行为特征。
