Asymmetry of the chloride transport system in human erythrocyte ghosts.

The concentration dependence of the unidirectional chloride flux and the inhibition of the unidirectional chloride flux by sulfate were studied in human red cell ghosts. The concentration dependence of the unidirectional chloride flux and its inhibition by sulfate were asymmetric. The unidirectional chloride flux can be saturated from the inner and from the outer membrane surface. For the inner membrane surface, lower chloride half-saturation constants were obtained than for the outer membrane surface. The inhibition of the unidirectional chloride flux by sulfate is competitive. In contrast to the chloride half-saturation constants, the inhibition constants of sulfate for the inner membrane surface were higher than the inhibition constants of sulfate for the outher membrane surface. Either there are fixed anion binding sites at the inner and at the outer membrane surface which control the access of anions to a pore, or there is a mobile carrier which is in contact with both membrane surfaces. The asymmetry of the concentration response and of the inhibition of the unidirectional chloride flux suggest that the anion binding sites at the inner and at the outer membrane surface differ with respect to their affinities for chloride and for sulfate. Alternatively, the asymmetry of the chloride transport system could indicate an asymmetric distribution of a mobile anion carrier across the erythrocyte membrane.