Simon-Oppermann C, Hammel H T, Simon E
Pflugers Arch. 1979 Jan 31;378(3):213-21. doi: 10.1007/BF00592738.
The temperature of the anterior and middle hypothalamus of conscious Pekin ducks was altered with chronically implanted thermodes. Both urine formation and salt secretion by the supraorbital glands were influenced by hypothalamic cooling. When osmotic diuresis was induced by continuous intravenous infusion of 1.2 ml . min-1 of 293 mosm . kg-1 mannitol in H2O solution, hypothalamic cooling increased urine flow rate at reduced urine osmolality and unchanged osmolal excretion rate. The degree of this cold induced diuresis increased with cooling intensity. Additional ADH administration by continuous infusion at a supramaximal dose abolished the diuretic effect of hypothalamic cooling. When water diuresis was induced by intragastric continuous infusion of 1.2 ml . min-1 of distilled water, hypothalamic cooling enhanced the diuresis, but hypothalamic warming had equivocal effects. The diuretic effects of hypothalamic cooling suggest an inhibition of endogeneous ADH release by lowering hypothalamic temperature. When the salt glands of salt adapted ducks were stimulated by continuous intravenous infusion of 0.2 ml . min-1 of 800 mosm . kg-1 NaCl in H2O solution, hypothalamic cooling reduced the salt gland secretion rate to an extent depending on cooling intensity. It is concluded that the activities of those integrative and/or efferent hypothalamic neurons, which mediate the hormonal control of renal water absorption and the nervous control of salt secretion by the supraorbital gland, depend on their own temperature.
通过长期植入的热电极改变清醒北京鸭下丘脑前部和中部的温度。下丘脑冷却会影响眶上腺的尿液生成和盐分分泌。当通过持续静脉输注1.2 ml·min⁻¹的293 mosm·kg⁻¹甘露醇水溶液诱导渗透性利尿时，下丘脑冷却会增加尿流率，同时降低尿渗透压且不改变渗透排泄率。这种冷诱导利尿的程度随冷却强度增加。通过持续输注超最大剂量的抗利尿激素（ADH）可消除下丘脑冷却的利尿作用。当通过胃内持续输注1.2 ml·min⁻¹的蒸馏水诱导水利尿时，下丘脑冷却会增强利尿作用，但下丘脑升温的作用不明确。下丘脑冷却的利尿作用表明，降低下丘脑温度会抑制内源性ADH的释放。当通过持续静脉输注0.2 ml·min⁻¹的800 mosm·kg⁻¹氯化钠水溶液刺激适应盐分的鸭的盐腺时，下丘脑冷却会使盐腺分泌率降低，降低程度取决于冷却强度。得出的结论是，那些介导对肾脏水吸收的激素控制和眶上腺盐分分泌的神经控制的下丘脑整合和/或传出神经元的活动取决于它们自身的温度。
