Kaszniak A W, Garron D C, Fox J H, Bergen D, Huckman M
Neurology. 1979 Sep;29(9 Pt 1):1273-9. doi: 10.1212/wnl.29.9_part_1.1273.
Seventy-eight hospital patients, 50 years of age or older, were selected for suspected changes in mentation and for the absence of focal or other organic brain disease. They were studied in relation to education, age, cerebral atrophy (by computerized tomography), electroencephalographic (EEG) slowing, and performance in several neuropsychologic tests. Adequate test-retest reliability of the cognitive measures and interjudge reliability of the cerebral atrophy and EEG measures were demonstrated. Stepwise multiple regression analyses suggested the following: (1) EEG slowing is the strongest and most general pathologic influence on cognition in elderly persons without overt brain disease. (2) Cerebral atrophy independently affects primarily the verbal recall of recent and remote information. (3) Age independently affects primarily recent memory for both verbal and nonverbal material. (4) Formal education is a powerful influence that must be accounted for in all studies of the effects of age on cognition.
选取了78名年龄在50岁及以上的住院患者，这些患者因疑似精神状态改变且无局灶性或其他器质性脑病而入选。对他们进行了关于教育程度、年龄、脑萎缩（通过计算机断层扫描）、脑电图（EEG）减慢以及多项神经心理学测试表现的研究。认知测量的重测信度以及脑萎缩和脑电图测量的评判者间信度均得到了验证。逐步多元回归分析表明：（1）脑电图减慢是对无明显脑部疾病的老年人认知影响最强且最普遍的病理因素。（2）脑萎缩主要独立影响近期和远期信息的言语回忆。（3）年龄主要独立影响近期言语和非言语材料的记忆。（4）正规教育是一个重要影响因素，在所有关于年龄对认知影响的研究中都必须予以考虑。
