Isolation and characterization of two forms of a cytoskeleton.

Isolated petaloid coelomocytes from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis transform to a filopodial morphology in hypotonic media. Electron micrographs of negatively stained Triton-insoluble cytoskeletons show that the petaloid form consists of a loose net of microfilaments while the filopodial form consists of paracrystalline bundles of microfilaments. Actin is the major protein of both forms of the cytoskeleton. Additional polypeptides have molecular weights of approximately 220,000, 64,000, 57,000, and 27,000 daltons. Relative to actin the filopodial cytoskeletons have an average of 2.5 times as much 57k polypeptide as the petaloid cytoskeletons. Treatment with 0.25 M NaCl dissociates the filament bundles into individual actin filaments free of the actin-associated polypeptides. Thus, one or more of these actin-associated polypeptides may be responsible for crosslinking the actin filaments into bundles and maintaining the three-dimensional nature of the cytoskeletons.