Smith B P
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1977 Jan 15;170(2):208-11.
Pleural effusion in 37 horses, including 15 acutely affected and 22 chronically affected, was found to be due to a variety of causes, including lymphocarcoma, pulmonary granulomas, coccidioidomycosis, equine infectious anemia, pulmonary abscesses, chronic pneumonia, and primary septic pleural effusion. Age, breed, or sex predilection was not found. Horses with chronic disease had weight loss, increased respiratory rate, dull respiratory sounds in the ventral portion of the thorax, and varying degrees of anorexia. Many horses were anemic. Those acutely affected had respiratory distress or signs of colic and many were anorectic. Most horses with acute primary disease had small volumes of pleural fluid. Culture and cytologic examination of pleural fluid and tracheal washings revealed the causative organism in some instances, but in a number of "primary" cases there were negative results on bacterial culture. The latter cases must be differentiated from other causes of chronic weight loss in the horse.
37匹马出现胸腔积液，其中15匹为急性发病，22匹为慢性发病，病因多种多样，包括淋巴肉瘤、肺肉芽肿、球孢子菌病、马传染性贫血、肺脓肿、慢性肺炎和原发性脓胸。未发现年龄、品种或性别偏好。患有慢性病的马体重减轻、呼吸频率增加、胸廓腹侧呼吸音减弱，并有不同程度的厌食。许多马贫血。急性发病的马有呼吸窘迫或绞痛症状，许多马食欲不振。大多数急性原发性疾病的马胸腔积液量较少。胸腔积液和气管冲洗液的培养及细胞学检查在某些情况下揭示了病原体，但在许多“原发性”病例中，细菌培养结果为阴性。后一种情况必须与马慢性体重减轻的其他原因相鉴别。
