Zapf R
Arzneimittelforschung. 1977 Feb;27(2A):254-7.
Clinical pharmacology being an experimental natural science, tries to answer clinical questions by means of thoroughly studied syntactic models. In doing so it is regularly confronted with the typical problems of any experimental science: the syntactic problem, the semantic problem, the problem of redundance. The syntactic problem is regarded as being solved by biometric means. The semantic problem reflects the developing state of scientific findings; insofar the solutions are of provisional character. To a large extent the problem of redundance seems to be a discretionary question.
临床药理学作为一门实验性自然科学，试图通过深入研究的句法模型来回答临床问题。在此过程中，它经常面临任何实验科学的典型问题：句法问题、语义问题、冗余问题。句法问题被认为可以通过生物统计学方法解决。语义问题反映了科学发现的发展状态；因此，解决方案具有临时性质。在很大程度上，冗余问题似乎是一个可自由决定的问题。
