Congenital glaucoma before and after the introduction of microsurgery. Results of "macrosurgery" 1943-1963 and of microsurgery (trabeculotomy/ectomy) 1970-1974.

Primary trabeculotomy (in five eyes "converted" to trabeculectomy) normalized the tension in all 21 eyes with congenital glaucoma without associated diseases, (mean postoperative tension 12 mmHg, range 8-20 mm). Re-operation was needed for only one eye. Preoperatively glaucomatous cupping was present in 18 of these 21 eyes. Ten of the 18 eyes with glaucomatous cupping were operated upon before the age of 6 months two before 11 months and the appearance of the disc was normalized in these 12 eyes. Repeated trabeculotomy, -ectomy was without success in three of five operated eyes in patients with congenital glaucoma of several years duration previously treated by "macrosurgery". In patients with associated diseases normal tension was achieved by means of trabeculotomy/-ectomy in two eyes in two Sturge-Weber children with unilateral congenital glaucoma and in both eyes in a child with a chromosomal defect with bilateral congenital glaucoma. Repeated trabeculotomy/ectomy was on the other hand without success in a child with bilateral aniridia with congenital glaucoma and hydrocephalus. Presupposing acute or subacute microsurgery, the present operative results of congenital glaucoma without diseases are far better than those obtained in previous decades by "macrosurgery" which, despite frequent re-operations, effected normalization of the tension in only 61% of the eyes (11 of 26 patients (42%) with bilateral congenital glaucoma without associated diseases and treated by macrosurgery in previous decades were under the Care of the Blind).