Lorke D
Arch Toxicol. 1977 Sep 21;38(1-2):235-40. doi: 10.1007/BF00293670.
The aims of authorities, university and industrial scientists are outlined. The prime feature remains: How important are the achieved results for estimating the mutagenic risk to humans? The various methods available for the testing of chemical substances for mutagenicity are compared. Their usefulness to estimate the mutagenic risk are considered and the disadvantages and advantages of such methods are discussed. The industrial toxicologist must apply those methods which permit the most accurate conclusions to be made. Further, the toxicologist has to develop new methods which, based on his own experience are more suitable for making more accurate statements. The results of methods carried out on the germ cell of living mammals permit more accurate statements to be made than investigations on isolated cell cultures and somatic cells. Thus, the dominant lethal test on male and female mice and the spermatogenial test on Chinese hamsters are considered suitable methods for estimating the possible dangers to man.
文中概述了官方、大学和工业界科学家的目标。最主要的问题仍然是：所取得的结果对于评估对人类的致突变风险有多重要？文中比较了用于测试化学物质致突变性的各种方法。考虑了它们在评估致突变风险方面的实用性，并讨论了这些方法的优缺点。工业毒理学家必须采用那些能得出最准确结论的方法。此外，毒理学家还必须根据自己的经验开发更适合做出更准确判断的新方法。对活体哺乳动物生殖细胞进行的方法测试结果，比在分离的细胞培养物和体细胞上进行的研究能得出更准确的判断。因此，对雄性和雌性小鼠进行的显性致死试验以及对中国仓鼠进行的精子发生试验被认为是评估对人类可能危害的合适方法。
