Bell J M
Nurs Res. 1977 Mar-Apr;26(2):136-41. doi: 10.1097/00006199-197703000-00019.
A descriptive comparative study examined not only the relationship between stressful life events and mental-illness and -wellness behaviors but also the coping methods used by individuals exhibiting each behavior. Data collection included the use of the Holmes and Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale and an 18-item coping scale administered to experimental and control samples. The experimental group consisted of 30 psychiatric inpatients in three general hospitals who were oriented in three spheres. Control group subjects had no history of psychiatric illness, were currently not receiving medical treatment, and were adequately functioning in socially accepted roles. They were randomly selected to match the patient on the basis of age, sex, and county of residence. The experimental group reported that significantly more stressful life events had occurred in the last six months and significantly more short-term than long-term coping methods had been used when compared with the control group. Sex and age differences were noted. A significant association was found between high stress scores and short-term coping methods for subjects in both groups. The concept of change as it relates to stress and its effect on health is an important consideration for health care professionals whose goals are health maintenance and illness prevention.
一项描述性比较研究不仅考察了应激性生活事件与心理疾病及健康行为之间的关系，还考察了表现出每种行为的个体所采用的应对方法。数据收集包括使用霍姆斯和拉赫社会再适应评定量表以及一个18项应对量表，对实验组和对照组样本进行施测。实验组由三家综合医院的30名精神科住院患者组成，这些患者在三个方面进行了定向。对照组受试者无精神疾病史，目前未接受治疗，并且在社会认可的角色中功能良好。他们根据年龄、性别和居住县进行随机选择以匹配患者。与对照组相比，实验组报告称在过去六个月中发生的应激性生活事件明显更多，并且使用的短期应对方法明显多于长期应对方法。注意到了性别和年龄差异。在两组受试者中，高压力得分与短期应对方法之间发现了显著关联。对于以健康维护和疾病预防为目标的医护人员而言，与压力相关的变化概念及其对健康的影响是一个重要的考虑因素。
