Rifkind D
Calif Med. 1965 Dec;103(6):387-94.
The application of tissue culture technology has revealed several new groups of viruses, comprising scores of different serotypes, as important causes of upper and lower respiratory tract disease in man. Other agents as yet unrecognized undoubtedly exist. Present epidemiologic data, although still incomplete, point up the unique importance of certain of these viruses in respiratory diseases. The particular type and severity of respiratory syndrome produced by a virus is determined by the immune status of the host, by the presence of complicating disease and by characteristics intrinsic in the infecting agent itself. Respiratory virus control might be particularly beneficial in certain groups, particularly persons with allergic sensitivity and chronic pulmonary disease.For control of viral respiratory disease, active immunization would provide significant protection but highly polyvalent vaccines might be necessary. Adjuvants could be helpful in this regard. Certain vaccines formerly in use were produced from strains of viruses which have recently been shown to be oncogenic in animals. In addition, hybridization of viruses can occur, resulting in the incorporation of the oncogenic potential of one agent into the genetic constitution of another. The significance of these biologic phenomena to vaccination programs has yet to be defined.Passive immunization would provide short-lived protection and would find application only in uniquely susceptible populations or at times of augmented risk. Active immunization of pregnant women, however, could provide increased breadth and duration to the transplacental passive immunity in the newborn.Interferon-inducing agents could potentially provide broad spectrum antiviral protection, but the extent and duration of their effectiveness are unknowns. Certain chemical agents have been shown to have prophylactic and therapeutic effects against a limited number of clinically severe viral diseases. Finally, limited data suggest that climatic control in places of public gathering might be worth evaluating as a means of controlling the spread of viral respiratory infections.
组织培养技术的应用已揭示出几组新的病毒，包括数十种不同的血清型，它们是人类上、下呼吸道疾病的重要病因。无疑还存在其他尚未被认识的病原体。目前的流行病学数据虽然仍不完整，但指出了其中某些病毒在呼吸道疾病中的独特重要性。病毒引起的呼吸道综合征的具体类型和严重程度取决于宿主的免疫状态、是否存在并发疾病以及感染病原体本身的内在特性。呼吸道病毒控制对某些人群可能特别有益，尤其是对过敏敏感者和慢性肺部疾病患者。为控制病毒性呼吸道疾病，主动免疫可提供显著的保护作用，但可能需要高度多价的疫苗。在这方面佐剂可能会有所帮助。某些以前使用的疫苗是由最近已证明在动物中具有致癌性的病毒株生产的。此外，病毒之间可能发生杂交，导致一种病原体的致癌潜力整合到另一种病原体的基因构成中。这些生物学现象对疫苗接种计划的意义尚待确定。被动免疫只能提供短暂的保护，仅适用于特别易感的人群或风险增加时期。然而，孕妇的主动免疫可以增加新生儿经胎盘获得的被动免疫的广度和持续时间。干扰素诱导剂可能提供广谱抗病毒保护，但其有效性的程度和持续时间尚不清楚。某些化学制剂已被证明对少数临床严重的病毒性疾病有预防和治疗作用。最后，有限的数据表明，作为控制病毒性呼吸道感染传播的一种手段，对公共场所进行气候控制可能值得评估。
