Cook W A, Stephens F D
Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser. 1977;13(5):327-40.
A study was made of 50 fused kidneys; 41 postmortem specimens and 9 living patients' records were reviewed. Three patterns of renal fusion were identified--midline fused horseshoe kidney [15], laterally fused horseshoe kidney [21], and crossed renal ectopia [14]. These morphologic renal patterns were correlated with coexisting abnormalities of the urinary tract and other organ systems. A high incidence of hydronephrosis of varied etiology, vertebral, and anorectal defects was found in the laterally fused horseshoe and crossed renal ectopic groups. A theory of embryogenesis was developed to explain the asymmetric patterns of renal fusion exemplified by laterally fused and crossed fused kidneys. It was based on the effects that the lateral flexion and rotation of the hind end in the 4- to 5-mm embryo exert on the relative positions of the nephrogenic cords and wolffian ducts.
对50个融合肾进行了研究；回顾了41份尸检标本和9例活体患者的记录。确定了三种肾融合模式——中线融合马蹄肾[15例]、外侧融合马蹄肾[21例]和交叉异位肾[14例]。这些肾脏形态学模式与泌尿系统及其他器官系统的并存异常相关。在外侧融合马蹄肾组和交叉异位肾组中发现了多种病因的肾积水、椎体和肛门直肠缺陷的高发病率。提出了一种胚胎发生理论来解释以外侧融合肾和交叉融合肾为例的肾融合不对称模式。它基于4至5毫米胚胎后端的侧屈和旋转对生肾索和中肾管相对位置的影响。
