Smith J M, O'Flynn J D
Br J Urol. 1977 Oct;49(5):401-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1977.tb04164.x.
The surgical management of 652 cases of bladder stone, with particular reference to the value of litholapaxy, is discussed. The majority of cases can be treated by closed methods--litholapaxy and transurethral removal. Those cases treated by closed methods have a reduced postoperative complication and morbidity rate, a shorter operating time, and a reduced period of hospitalisation. Provided the necessary skill is acquired, it is concluded that litholapaxy is a safe and efficient method of dealing with bladder stones.
