Gall D
Immunology. 1966 Oct;11(4):369-86.
By the use of diphtheria toxoid in guinea-pigs, high adjuvant activity has been found in a number of aliphatic nitrogenous bases including amines, quaternary ammonium compounds, guanidines, benzamidines and thiouroniums. Activity appears to depend on a combination of basicity and a long aliphatic chain of twelve or more carbon atoms. Such adjuvants tend to be haemolytic, and cause damage to tissue culture monolayers. It is suggested that their activity is connected with their surface activity and hence their ability to alter cell membranes, but that the basicity plays a further as yet undetermined role.
通过在豚鼠中使用白喉类毒素，已发现许多脂肪族含氮碱具有高佐剂活性，这些含氮碱包括胺类、季铵化合物、胍类、苯甲脒类和硫脲类。活性似乎取决于碱性和含十二个或更多碳原子的长脂肪链的组合。这类佐剂往往具有溶血作用，并对组织培养单层造成损害。有人认为它们的活性与其表面活性有关，因而与它们改变细胞膜的能力有关，但碱性还起着一个尚未确定的进一步作用。
