Guevara Maria L, Persano Francesca, Persano Stefano
Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Department Matematica e Fisica 'Ennio De Giorgi', Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy.
Front Chem. 2020 Oct 23;8:589959. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2020.589959. eCollection 2020.
Over the past decade, messenger RNA (mRNA) has emerged as potent and flexible platform for the development of novel effective cancer immunotherapies. Advances in non-viral gene delivery technologies, especially the tremendous progress in lipid nanoparticles' manufacturing, have made possible the implementation of mRNA-based antitumor treatments. Several mRNA-based immunotherapies have demonstrated antitumor effect in preclinical and clinical studies, and marked successes have been achieved most notably by its implementation in therapeutic vaccines, cytokines therapies, checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cell therapy. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the development of lipid nanoparticles for mRNA-based immunotherapies and their applications in cancer treatment. Finally, we also highlight the variety of immunotherapeutic approaches through mRNA delivery and discuss the main factors affecting transfection efficiency and tropism of mRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles .
在过去十年中，信使核糖核酸（mRNA）已成为开发新型有效癌症免疫疗法的强大且灵活的平台。非病毒基因递送技术的进步，尤其是脂质纳米颗粒制造方面的巨大进展，使得基于mRNA的抗肿瘤治疗得以实施。几种基于mRNA的免疫疗法已在临床前和临床研究中显示出抗肿瘤作用，并且通过在治疗性疫苗、细胞因子疗法、检查点阻断和嵌合抗原受体（CAR）细胞疗法中的应用取得了显著成功。在本综述中，我们总结了用于基于mRNA的免疫疗法的脂质纳米颗粒开发的最新进展及其在癌症治疗中的应用。最后，我们还强调了通过mRNA递送的各种免疫治疗方法，并讨论了影响负载mRNA的脂质纳米颗粒转染效率和靶向性的主要因素。
