Sundhagul M, Hedrick L R
J Bacteriol. 1966 Jul;92(1):241-9. doi: 10.1128/jb.92.1.241-249.1966.
Sundhagul, Malee (Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago), and L. R. Hedrick. Effect of tryptophan on growth and morphology of Hansenula schneggii cells. J. Bacteriol. 92:241-249. 1966.-When Hansenula schneggii cells were cultured aerobically in a tryptophan-glucose medium, 70 to 90% of the cells were elongated; no growth occurred under anaerobic conditions. The size of the elongated cells was 15 to 25 mu by 2 to 4 mu, as compared with 2.5 to 5 mu for ellipsoidal cells. Formation of elongated cells occurred essentially during the logarithmic growth period; the highest percentage of elongated cells was found soon after the end of this growth phase. In the later stationary phase, some of the cells formed spherical buds which became spherical cells. The rate of cell division during this period was greatly reduced, but the spherical cells formed decreased the percentage of elongated cells in the population. Cells cultured in a membrane-filter filtrate of a tryptophan-glucose medium (with limiting tryptophan), in which elongated cells had been grown, were ellipsoidal until nitrogenous nutrients were exhausted; thereafter the cells were elongated if tryptophan was added. Of compounds related to tryptophan, kynurenine was the only one which induced a high percentage of the cells to elongate. Some amino acids, such as cystine, histidine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and threonine, induced elongation in about 15% of the cells. Growth of cells with other amino acids, or the addition of most of the other amino acids to tryptophan-glucose medium, resulted in a population of spherical cells. Several consecutive sequential transfers of cells into tryptophan medium induced elongation in 90% of the cells, but one transfer from a culture with elongated cells into a medium with ammonium sulfate, or a mixture of amino acids, gave a culture with ellipsoidal cells. Growth in media at pH 4 or 5 favored formation of elongated cells; as the pH was increased, the percentage of elongated cells decreased. Carbon sources other than glucose did not affect the percentage of elongated cells, except for the alcohols mannitol and erythitol, which gave comparable growth but reduced the percentage of elongated cells from 70 to 50%. Cell wall analyses of the two types of cells indicated that elongated cells have 2.5 times as much mannan as cell walls of ellipsoidal cells. This suggests that tryptophan, kynurenine, and, to a limited extent, some of the other amino acids cause a diversion of polysaccharide biosynthesis to mannan in the elongated cells rather than to glucan as in ellipsoidal cells.
孙达古尔，玛莉（伊利诺伊理工学院，芝加哥）与L.R.赫德里克。色氨酸对施内吉汉逊酵母细胞生长和形态的影响。《细菌学杂志》92:241 - 249。1966年。——当施内吉汉逊酵母细胞在色氨酸 - 葡萄糖培养基中需氧培养时，70%至90%的细胞会伸长；在厌氧条件下不生长。伸长细胞的大小为15至25微米×2至4微米，而椭圆形细胞为2.5至5微米。伸长细胞的形成主要发生在对数生长期；在该生长阶段结束后不久，伸长细胞的比例最高。在稳定期后期，一些细胞形成球形芽，这些芽会变成球形细胞。在此期间细胞分裂速率大幅降低，但形成的球形细胞降低了群体中伸长细胞的比例。在色氨酸 - 葡萄糖培养基（色氨酸有限）的膜滤滤液中培养的细胞，其中曾培养过伸长细胞，在含氮营养物质耗尽之前细胞呈椭圆形；此后如果添加色氨酸，细胞会伸长。在与色氨酸相关的化合物中，犬尿氨酸是唯一能诱导高比例细胞伸长的。一些氨基酸，如胱氨酸、组氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和苏氨酸，能诱导约15%的细胞伸长。用其他氨基酸培养细胞，或将大多数其他氨基酸添加到色氨酸 - 葡萄糖培养基中，会产生球形细胞群体。将细胞连续多次转接至色氨酸培养基中会使90%的细胞伸长，但从伸长细胞培养物转接至硫酸铵或氨基酸混合物培养基中，得到的是椭圆形细胞培养物。在pH 4或5的培养基中生长有利于伸长细胞的形成；随着pH升高，伸长细胞的比例降低。除葡萄糖外的碳源对伸长细胞的比例没有影响，但甘露醇和赤藓醇这两种醇类除外，它们能产生相当的生长量，但使伸长细胞的比例从70%降至50%。对两种类型细胞的细胞壁分析表明，伸长细胞的甘露聚糖含量是椭圆形细胞细胞壁的2.5倍。这表明色氨酸、犬尿氨酸以及在一定程度上其他一些氨基酸会使伸长细胞中多糖生物合成转向甘露聚糖，而不是像椭圆形细胞那样转向葡聚糖。
