Majchrowicz E
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1977;85B:15-23. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9038-5_2.
Physical dependence upon ehtanol induced in rats is in several respects similar to the tremulous and convulsive components of the ethanol withdrawal syndrome observed in man. These include short duration of the induction period, pattern of continuous ethanol consumption, rectilinear clearance of blood ethanol during prodromal detoxication phase and the onset of the ethanol dependence phase at relatively high blood ethanol concentrations. During the ethanol withdrawal period two phases are distinguished in both species: (1) Prodromal detoxication phase characterized by a spectrum of signs and responses of ethanol intoxication. (2) Ethanol dependence phase characterized by a spectrum of withdrawal signs and reactions. The successive onset and disappearance of the two sets of signs and reactions during both phases of the ethanol withdrawal period constitute a continuum of effects and responses and represent a reversal in the CNS function from the extremes of ethanol depression to the extremes of hyperexcitability.
在大鼠中诱导产生的对乙醇的身体依赖性在几个方面类似于在人类中观察到的乙醇戒断综合征的震颤和惊厥成分。这些方面包括诱导期持续时间短、持续乙醇消耗模式、前驱脱毒期血液乙醇的直线清除以及在相对较高的血液乙醇浓度下乙醇依赖期的开始。在乙醇戒断期，两种物种都可分为两个阶段：(1) 前驱脱毒期，其特征是一系列乙醇中毒的体征和反应。(2) 乙醇依赖期，其特征是一系列戒断体征和反应。在乙醇戒断期的两个阶段中，这两组体征和反应的相继出现和消失构成了一个连续的效应和反应，并代表了中枢神经系统功能从乙醇抑制的极端状态到极度兴奋的极端状态的逆转。
