Janes D E
Environ Health Perspect. 1977 Oct;20:141-7. doi: 10.1289/ehp.7720141.
The increased demand for power has led to higher voltages for overhead transmission lines. Environmentalists, governmental agencies, and some members of the scientific community have questioned if past biological effects research and experience with lower voltage lines provide adequate bases for predicting the possible health and environmental effects of the higher voltage lines. Only a small amount of work has been done to explore the possible effects, especially long term effects, of the exposure of biological systems to electric fields from transmission lines. Research in Western Europe and the United States has not identified any prompt or acute effects other than spark and electric discharge and no permanent effects. Contrasted with this are the studies of workers in Soviet and Spanish high voltage switchyards that report effects, such as excitability, headaches, drowsiness, fatique, and nausea, that are not found in Soviet line maintenance workers. The results of current and planned research, supported by both U.S. Government agencies and the private sector, should resolve a number of the present uncertanties and provide answers for the many questions concerning potential effects.
对电力需求的增加导致架空输电线路的电压升高。环保主义者、政府机构以及科学界的一些人士质疑,过去关于较低电压线路的生物效应研究和经验是否足以作为预测较高电压线路可能对健康和环境产生影响的依据。目前仅有少量工作致力于探究生物系统暴露于输电线路电场中可能产生的影响,尤其是长期影响。西欧和美国的研究尚未发现除火花和放电之外的任何即时或急性影响,也未发现永久性影响。与之形成对比的是,苏联和西班牙高压开关站工人的研究报告了一些效应,如兴奋性、头痛、嗜睡、疲劳和恶心等,而这些效应在苏联线路维护工人中并未出现。由美国政府机构和私营部门支持的当前及计划中的研究结果,应能解决一些当前的不确定性问题,并为许多有关潜在影响的疑问提供答案。