Parnas J
Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig A. 1977 Nov;239(3):419-23.
The morphology and electron-microscopic anatomy of Leptospirae, the lack of the presence of leptospiral phages (and probably of bacteriocins), and the absence of phagocytosis as a defence mechanism in leptospirosis, indicate the non-bacteriologie character of this genus. Leptospirae form an evolutionary intermediate bridge between the worlds of bacteria and protozoa. In "Bergey's Manual" they are assigned to the world of bacteria for practical reasons; but it seems to be reasonable to stress more largely the "bacteriological" and "protozoologic" markers of Leptospirae, in the subsequent 9th edition of this Manual.
钩端螺旋体的形态学和电子显微镜解剖学、钩端螺旋体噬菌体(可能还有细菌素)的缺乏,以及钩端螺旋体病中缺乏作为防御机制的吞噬作用,表明了该属的非细菌学特征。钩端螺旋体在细菌界和原生动物界之间形成了一个进化的中间桥梁。在《伯杰氏手册》中,出于实际原因,它们被归入细菌界;但在该手册的后续第9版中,更着重强调钩端螺旋体的“细菌学”和“原生动物学”特征似乎是合理的。