Borowitz J L, Noller A
Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1977 Nov;230(1):150-5.
The order of effectiveness of trivalent metallic cations in releasing catecholamines from isolated perfused bovine adrenals is La greater than Ce greater than Pr greater than Nd. Other trivalent metals are essentially inactive in this system. A second exposure of the glands to trivalent metals causes little or no secretion. Omission of calcium from the perfusing medium decreases the response to La+3 or Ce+3. Trivalent metallic cations of a relatively narrow range of charge density appear to temporarily open a calcium gate which results in calcium influx and adrenomedullary catecholamine secretion.
三价金属阳离子从离体灌注的牛肾上腺中释放儿茶酚胺的有效性顺序为镧大于铈大于镨大于钕。其他三价金属在该系统中基本无活性。腺体再次暴露于三价金属时，分泌很少或不分泌。灌注介质中去除钙会降低对La+3或Ce+3的反应。电荷密度范围相对较窄的三价金属阳离子似乎会暂时打开钙通道，导致钙内流和肾上腺髓质儿茶酚胺分泌。
