Borowitz J L, Shanbaky I
Experientia. 1977 Apr 15;33(4):495-6. doi: 10.1007/BF01922231.
Catecholamine release evoked from isolated perfused bovine adrenals by Ba+2 or Cs+ is enhanced by lidocaine or by a calcium-free medium. The action of Cs+ therefore differs from that of K+ or Rb+ in adrenal medulla. Divalent and monovalent metallic cations of relatively large atomic weight like Ba+2 and Cs+, probably penetrate the cell more easily than small highly charged ions and act intracellularly to cause adrenal catecholamine release. Local anesthetics and calcium-free media may allow greater influx of Ba+2 and Cs+ into adrenomedullary cells.
钡离子（Ba+2）或铯离子（Cs+）从离体灌注的牛肾上腺诱发的儿茶酚胺释放，会因利多卡因或无钙培养基而增强。因此，铯离子在肾上腺髓质中的作用不同于钾离子（K+）或铷离子（Rb+）。像钡离子和铯离子这样相对原子量大的二价和一价金属阳离子，可能比小的高电荷离子更容易穿透细胞，并在细胞内起作用导致肾上腺儿茶酚胺释放。局部麻醉剂和无钙培养基可能会使更多的钡离子和铯离子流入肾上腺髓质细胞。
