Knepper M A, Danielson R A, Saidel G M, Post R S
Kidney Int. 1977 Nov;12(5):313-23. doi: 10.1038/ki.1977.118.
The mean renal tubular diameters, number of tubules per unit of cross-sectional area, and fraction of the total volume occupied by each medullary structure were determined at various levels of the renal medulla of the rat and rabbit. Statistical estimates of anatomic variables were made using spatial sampling techniques on histologic sections. Osmotic diuresis and renal venous occlusion were used to allow fixation of renal tubules and blood vessels in an open state. The distribution of volume fractions of medullary structures are similar in rats and rabbits. Diameters of outer medullary tubular segments and inner medullary thin limbs of Henle are also similar in rats and rabbits. Marked differences between rats and rabbits, however, are seen in the size and number of collecting ducts in the inner medulla. Rabbit inner medullary collecting ducts increase in diameter and decrease in number in the papillary direction relatively closer to the cortex than do those of the rat. Luminal diameters of papillary collecting ducts are more than twice as great in the rabbit as in the rat. An additional finding was that short loops of Henle in the rabbit have their bends relatively closer to the cortex than those of the rat. The quantitative anatomic data derived in this study, when combined through mathematical modeling with knowledge of transport properties of renal tubular membranes, should lead to a clearer understanding of renal function.
测定了大鼠和家兔肾髓质不同水平处的肾小管平均直径、单位横截面积的肾小管数量以及每个髓质结构所占总体积的比例。使用组织学切片上的空间采样技术对解剖学变量进行统计估计。利用渗透性利尿和肾静脉阻塞使肾小管和血管固定于开放状态。大鼠和家兔髓质结构的体积分数分布相似。大鼠和家兔外髓段肾小管及髓袢降支细段的直径也相似。然而，大鼠和家兔在内髓集合管的大小和数量上存在显著差异。与大鼠相比，家兔内髓集合管在靠近皮质的乳头方向上直径增大且数量减少。家兔乳头集合管的管腔直径是大鼠的两倍多。另外一个发现是，家兔的短髓袢其弯曲处比大鼠的相对更靠近皮质。本研究得出的定量解剖学数据，与肾小管膜转运特性的知识通过数学建模相结合后，应能使我们对肾功能有更清晰的理解。
